## Programming and relearning

Here, at PMCtire, we use aftermarket TPMS sensors which are programmed for each vehicle by our technicians with the vehicle’s information provided in the customer’s order.

![tpms.webp](https://strapi-images-pmctire.s3.amazonaws.com/tpms_cecb23af17.webp)

Service professionals often confuse “programming the sensor” with “relearning the vehicle.” These are different actions and the vehicle must still be relearned after the sensors are programmed.

The purpose of programming a sensor is to tell the sensor which vehicle it is being used for and the purpose of the relearn is to share the new TPMS sensor IDs to the vehicle. This allows the sensors to communicate with the vehicle and alert the driver if any tires have low air pressure or if there is a malfunction with the TPMS system.

![tpms-machine.webp](https://strapi-images-pmctire.s3.amazonaws.com/tpms_machine_ecc2e33f8e.webp)

A TPMS relearn is always required when new TPMS sensors are installed. Without that step, the sensors don’t communicate with the vehicle's onboard computer, and the system simply can’t work. That’s why you get the warning light of the cutaway tire with an exclamation point in the dashboard.

![warning.webp](https://strapi-images-pmctire.s3.amazonaws.com/warning_6a0ab90c27.webp)

## Different relearn procedures

The first necessary step of performing a relearn is to know which type of relearn procedure needs to be completed on that specific vehicle: **stationary, OBD, or automatic**.

A **stationary** relearn requires a specific sequence designated by the vehicle manufacturer. This can include cycling the ignition key on and off a certain number of times while stepping on the brake pedal and many other actions and combinations. Once the sequence is completed correctly, the horn may chirp or lights might blink, signaling that the new sensor IDs have been correctly relearned.

An **OBD** relearn requires you to connect to the vehicle’s computer via an OBD cord attached to a compatible TPMS scan tool. Once you are connected to the vehicle’s computer, you can then place the vehicle in relearn mode to complete the procedure.

An **automatic** relearn is actually a bit deceptive in its name as it does require to drive the vehicle for a certain amount of uninterrupted time at a specified minimum speed. Once those requirements are met, then the sensors are “automatically” relearned to the vehicle.

Keep in mind that there are some special cases. You may need to do a combination of relearn types to complete the relearn. For example, you still might have to drive the vehicle for a specified amount of time after completing a stationary or OBD relearn. 

Some vehicles may also require an extra step or an extra tool to complete a TPMS relearn procedure. 

Some relearns can be a challenge, because there is no standard procedure for manufacturers.


## How to know which relearn process is required and where to go to have it done&nbsp;?

You should be able to get the information on which relearn process is required in your owner’s manual. You could also contact your dealer with your VIN to have more information.

Most dealers have a scan tool to work with their OE sensors and unfortunately, it usually cannot relearn aftermarket sensors, even if they are preprogrammed.

Aftermarket sensors are becoming more and more common on the Canadian market and because of that, almost every tire shop and garages have a scan tool to do the relearn process for each vehicle.

You can also buy one through many online shops. But you have to be careful to select one that works with your specific vehicle.

## PMCtire TPMS solution

At PMCtire, we've programmed your TPMS sensors for you. However, please note that a relearn procedure is required for all universal TPMS sensors.

To simplify the process, we offer our customers the option to clone their original equipment (OE) TPMS sensors. When cloned, your aftermarket sensors function just like the original ones on most vehicles—eliminating the need to perform a TPMS relearn each time you change your wheels for the season.

We also provide access to a TPMS programming tool, available with a fully refundable deposit of $200&nbsp;+ taxes, there is a flat-rate round-trip shipping fee of $40. Return shipping labels will be provided.

Once the tool is returned, your deposit will be refunded minus the shipping fee.

Detailed instructions for the cloning process are sent via email, and our friendly customer service team is always here to assist you if needed.


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TPMS syncing

## Types of TPMS

There are two types of systems: the indirect TPMS and the direct TPMS. While the debate over direct and indirect TPMS technologies continues globally among regulators, consumers and manufacturers have decided. Drivers do not want the responsibility of manually resetting an indirect TPMS system.

Although the methods may be different, both systems serve the same purpose and activate the same indicator light. 

### Indirect TPMS

This type of pressure monitoring system is linked to the ABS of the car to evaluate an approximative pressure in the tires. This principle is based on the fact that if a tire has a flat or a leak, its overall diameter will be smaller, increasing its speed compared to the car's correctly inflated tires. Since they do not measure the pressure directly but estimate it through other data, those systems are considered indirect TPMS. The on-board computer evaluates if a tire is deflated and warns the driver. Note they cannot give accurate data in real-time and rely on one tire's pressure compared to the other.

Once a tire is re-inflated correctly after a deflation, it takes about 20 to 60 minutes of driving before the computer relearns the new parameters of the sensors.

### Direct TPMS

Direct TPMS can measure the exact pressure in each tire because of individual sensors placed directly in the four tires. As opposed to the indirect TPMS, it can have a precise value on the tire pressure and the temperature inside to prevent over-heating. As soon as something is irregular, the information is transmitted to the driver through the car's computer.

Because the direct TPMS is separated from the computer or the car, it can work with batteries or by a system of electromagnetic induction, creating electricity. In addition to solving the battery's short life, the installation allows the TPMS to generate information faster and decreases the sensors' weight. This being said, since they are located outside the vehicle, the sensors are more vulnerable to be broken by a significant impact, leading to the deprogramming of the sensor if the impact is too important.

## Original vs Universal Sensors

### Original Sensors

Those sensors are preprogrammed with the specific parameters of the car they were made for. Since they are distinct, if garages want to provide some to their customers, they need to store many different types of TPMS for each vehicle model by sets of four for all the manufacturers. For this reason, the majority is selling aftermarket universal TPMS sensors, which can be programmed for almost any vehicle.

### Universal Sensors

As mentioned above, universal sensors are all the same: the same shape, going at the same place, but they are offered in two different versions, 433 Mhz or 315 Mhz, depending on what frequency the car is using. Universal sensors TPMS are sensors connected to standard tire valves.

### Programming

Before the installer gets the tire mounted on the wheel, he programs the TPMS sensors with a machine by entering the vehicle information on which they will be installed. Once the sensors are programmed, they are linked to the vehicle.

### Syncing

The on-board computer now needs to 'understand' the new codes generated by the TPMS newly programmed sensors but not all cars have the same relearning process for TPMS codes. Some vehicles are going to make that recognition by themselves by driving a few kilometres, some will need a manual procedure (a specific combination of ignition, clutch and even horn actions). In contrast, some other companies, such as Toyota, Lexus, or Honda, some universal TPMS need a unique programming tool to link the car and the sensors.

At PMCtire, we use Max Sensors universal TPMS, which may require the installation tool called OBD II. When buying universal TPMS, it is important to go to a garage that is working with the proper tools to make the connection possible. Most dealers are not equipped to deal with aftermarket TPMS, so because they cannot make the computer recognize the codes, they may say to the customers that their tires do not have the right TPMS sensors or are defective.

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Types of TPMS valves

## TPMS: Tire Pressure Monitoring System

### What are TPMS sensors?

Introduced in 2009 in North America in most vehicles, the system called TPMS is an electronic process, often integrated into the valve of each tire, which monitors the pressure. TPMS alerts the driver of a vehicle, via the dashboard, to a change in air pressure in one or more tires. 

The purpose of the sensors is to increase driving safety and reduce the risk of accidents. Incorrect tire pressure increases braking distance and affects vehicle performance when cornering.

By ensuring that your tire pressure is properly adjusted for your vehicle, TPMS not only provides more excellent safety but also:

- Increase your vehicle's fuel efficiency by reducing the excess fuel consumption that can result from improper tire pressure;

- Reduce the wear on the tread of your tires, thus preserving their grip on the road for better vehicle handling;

- Eliminate the need for manual tire pressure checks, as TPMS electronic signals instantly notify you of incorrect tire pressure.


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